Ensuring Electrical Safety: Comprehensive Guide to High-Voltage Work

Prevent Electrical Accidents with These Key Safety Principals

The most effective way to prevent electrical injury is to eliminate the hazard by establishing an electrically safe work condition. An electrically safe work condition is a state in which a high-voltage electrical conductor or circuit part, excluding the inside of the high voltage battery pack, has been: 

• Disconnected or isolated from energized high voltage parts
• Locked out and tagged out (LOTO)
• Tested to ensure the absence of voltage, i.e. Zero Voltage Verified (ZVV)

The purpose of these criteria is to temporarily eliminate electrical hazards for a period of time while this state is maintained. By creating an electrically safe work condition, the person performing service is no longer required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE).

An electrically safe work condition is a state, not a procedure. Procedures must be developed specific to the component, system, and vehicle that the technician will work on, but in general, should be similar to the following example.

Safety Disclaimers

Before performing an HV disconnection procedure: 

• Complete a workstation pre-use inspection
• Verify you are wearing required PPE while performing the disconnection procedure
• Place the “Keep Out, High Voltage” signage wherever there is work done on HV

Workers who Zero Voltage Verify (ZVV) must be able to: 

• Distinguish exposed live parts of electrical equipment
• Determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts
• Know the approach boundaries specified in NFPA 70E
• Identify and avoid electrical hazards associated with electrical equipment and work methods

Creating an Electrically Safe Work Condition

Disconnection Procedure: Low Voltage 

The first step to creating a safe working condition is disconnecting your 12V power. In most cases, this will involve first turning the ignition off and moving the keys at least 16 inches from the vehicle. This distance is to prevent key fobs with a proximity sensor from re-enabling the power. By turning the ignition off, the main contactors of the high-voltage battery are opened and the discharge of the inverter capacitors will initiate.

Next, you are going to physically prevent the 12V battery from reconnecting. If your 12V battery has a disconnection switch, use it. Then, remove the cable connected to the 12V negative bolt and wrap it in insulating tape. Tuck the cable somewhere so it cannot come into contact with the negative terminal of the battery. The 12V circuit should now be completely disconnected and protected from reconnection.

If the exact discharge rate is not known, it is recommended to wait at least 10 minutes after disconnection procedures have been completed to ZVV.

Disconnection Procedure: High Voltage 

The vehicle should have what is usually called a maintenance switch or High Voltage Battery Disconnect (HVBD). Depending on the manufacturer or aftermarket build, your HV disconnect switch may look different and may have more than one, so check the vehicle manufacturer instructions specific to your build and components before continuing. Once found, turn your maintenance switch into the “open” position, and then check to make sure it is locked into that position to prevent reconnection. Using the correct Lock Out Tag Out padlock for your switch, physically lock the switch into the “open” position. Place a Tag Out tag on the lock with your name, date, and phone number on it, and then lock your LOTO key in your toolbox. It is the responsibility of the technician who locked this HV lock to manage its safety, so unlock it when it is safe to do so. If you change shifts, make sure you communicate with other technicians the ZVV status of this vehicle.

If the vehicle has Manual Service Disconnects (MSD) for the battery packs, you’ll need to disengage those as well. Still wearing PPE, remove each of the MSDs connecting the battery packs. Place a dummy plug or protective cover over the female end of the connection on the battery packs to prevent dust and other contaminants from coming into contact with a high voltage connection.

If the vehicle was recently powered on, it may take the motor inverter a few minutes to passively discharge. If the exact discharge rate is not known, it is recommended to wait at least 10 minutes after disconnection procedures have been completed to ZVV.

Zero Voltage Verify (ZVV) 

Now, before you take off your PPE, you need to be certain that your HV circuit is indeed Zero Voltage Verified. This test is more commonly called a Live-Dead-Live test. First you are going to test that your multimeter is working on a known voltage source. Then you’ll test your high voltage component you are going to work on. Then you are going to re-test that your multimeter measured that HV component at zero volts correctly. Only at that point are you safe to remove your PPE and begin your service. Here is a general breakdown of how to Zero Voltage Verify with a multimeter:

An electrically safe work condition is a state, not a procedure.

First, verify you are using a Digital Multimeter (DMM) and test the probes that are rated to handle the voltage necessary to ZVV your circuit—CAT III (1000V working voltage) or above is recommended. Plug your leads into the DMM port to measure DC voltage and place insulated caps on your leads. If necessary, to ensure the test probes are CAT III rated.

Using a known voltage source, like a 12V battery, test the voltage. If the DMM is working properly, the reading should reflect the known voltage.

Now, test the voltage of the high voltage component(s) being worked on. The DMM should report a voltage of ~0 volts or something very close to 0 volts, like 1.6 mV, pictured here, that shows a small amount of residual voltage. Residual voltage is common when working with electrical components that contain capacitors and inductors, even if the component is disconnected from power.

To wrap it up, just re-test the voltage of the known voltage source, like the 12V battery again. If the DMM is working properly, you should see the same reading as the first time you tested this voltage source and it is now safe to remove your PPE and begin service.

The best way to work safely with electric circuits, both high and low voltage, is to make sure that no voltage is present at all! Following the steps outlined here will help ensure successful, safe, and efficient servicing and building of EV systems.

SAFETY DISCLAIMER:

If this last reading is NOT the same as when you first tested it, your high voltage circuit may have blown the fuse to your DMM and could therefore still be live! DO NOT remove PPE until this step reflects the correct voltage. For example, in the photo, the known voltage source was a 12V battery with a reading of 12.17V for the first test. After verifying ~0V on the high voltage component to be worked on, and re-testing on the same battery, one should expect to see the same reading of 12.17V. If that is not the case, do not remove your PPE and restart your disconnection procedures from the beginning.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Why should workers seek immediate medical treatment after an electrical shock?

Why Seeking Immediate Medical Attention After an Electrical Shock is Crucial

Electrical shocks, regardless of their apparent severity, can have hidden impacts on the body. Here’s why it’s vital for workers to get checked by a healthcare professional as soon as possible:

• Internal Injuries:Electrical shocks can cause unseen internal damage, affecting organs and tissues. Without proper medical evaluation, these injuries might go unnoticed and lead to serious complications later on.
• Heart and Nerve Function:The heart and nervous system are particularly vulnerable to electrical currents. Even mild shocks can disrupt heart rhythms or cause nerve damage, which might not be immediately evident.
• Delayed Symptoms:Some symptoms of electrical injuries, like muscle pain or cognitive issues, may take hours or days to manifest. Early medical intervention can preempt these delayed symptoms and aid in a timely diagnosis.
• Secondary Risks:After a shock, there could be secondary health risks due to falls or injuries caused during the initial incident. Immediate treatment ensures any such injuries are also addressed.

By seeking prompt medical attention, workers can ensure that any potential issues are detected and treated early, safeguarding their long-term health.

 

What are the potential effects of electrical shock?

Potential Effects of Electrical Shock

Electrical shocks can have a wide range of effects on the human body, from mild sensations to serious health risks, including cardiac arrest. The consequences vary depending on several factors:

• Current intensity: Even a small amount of current, such as one milliampere, is noticeable, while six milliamperes can lead to pain and muscle immobilization.
• Path of current: The route the electricity takes through the body significantly impacts the type and severity of injury.
• Exposure duration: The longer the body is part of the electrical circuit, the more severe the potential injuries.
• Frequency of current: Different frequencies can affect the body in various ways.

Types of Injuries

Electrical shocks can result in several types of injuries, primarily categorized by their cause and effect on the body:

1. Muscle and Nerve Damage: Loss of muscle control is a common consequence, leading to potentially severe injuries if the person cannot break free from the electrical source.
2. Burns:
   • Electrical Burns: These are caused when the current passes through tissues or bones, generating heat and potentially causing substantial damage. Immediate medical attention is necessary.
   • Arc or Flash Burns: Occurring from electrical arcs or explosions near the affected person, these burns can vary in severity but generally require prompt treatment.
   • Thermal Contact Burns: These occur when skin comes into contact with hot surfaces of electrical equipment. While still requiring immediate care, they may not need extensive medical intervention.

Additional Hazards

• Being Thrown: Often, electrical shock can result in the person being thrown from the source. While this removes them from danger, it can cause injuries like bruises or fractures.
• ‘Freezing’ Effect: If the shock impairs the person’s ability to withdraw from the source, it can lead to blisters and reduce the skin’s resistance, potentially exacerbating harm.

Internal injuries may not be immediately visible, but they can be severe, affecting organs such as the kidneys or causing muscle and nerve damage. Therefore, anyone experiencing an electrical shock should seek medical evaluation, even if they initially appear unharmed.

 

What is the minimum approach distance (MAD) in electrical safety?

Understanding Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) in Electrical Safety

In the realm of electrical safety, the concept of Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) is crucial for ensuring the protection of workers near energized equipment. MAD denotes a specific buffer zone around live electrical components, which only authorized and properly shielded personnel are permitted to enter.

Key Elements of MAD:

1. Safety Perimeter:
   • MAD establishes a safe perimeter that prevents unqualified individuals from getting too close to electrical hazards. This prevents contact with conductors, reducing the risk of electrical shock or arc flash incidents.
2. Qualified Personnel Only:
   • Only employees who have undergone specialized training and demonstrate comprehensive understanding of the risks are allowed within this radius. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for anyone who must work near or within the MAD.
3. Insulation Protocols:
   • It’s imperative that workers near the MAD area maintain a clear boundary from conductive objects. Companies must ensure:
     • Employees working in close proximity are adequately insulated.
     • The energized parts are always shielded to prevent accidental contact.
     • The employee is separated from all other conductive materials when engaged in live-line work without physical contact.

4. Responsibilities of Employers:
   • Employers are tasked with enforcing MAD protocols, ensuring that safety measures such as appropriate PPE and insulation are strictly adhered to. This responsibility extends to preventing unqualified individuals from accessing restricted zones.

By enforcing these standards, the application of Minimum Approach Distance effectively minimizes risks associated with electrical work, safeguarding workers and maintaining operational safety.

 

What factors determine the severity of injuries from electrical shock?

When considering the severity of injuries caused by electrical shock, several critical factors come into play:

1. Current Intensity: The level of electrical current flowing through the body significantly affects the extent of the injury. Even minimal currents can have harmful effects. For instance, currents as low as one milliampere can be felt, while just six milliamperes might result in pain and a loss of muscle control.
2. Current Pathway: The route the current takes through the body is crucial. Certain paths can be more dangerous, especially if vital organs or the central nervous system are involved.
3. Exposure Duration: The longer the body remains part of the electrical circuit, the greater the potential for severe injury. Prolonged exposure increases the risk of more significant damage.
4. Frequency of the Current: The frequency, or the cycle at which the current alternates, also plays a role. Different frequencies can cause varying types of tissue damage.

Understanding these factors can help assess potential risks and implement better safety measures.

 

What are the potential sources of high voltage exposure?

High voltage can present serious risks to safety and well-being, and understanding its sources is crucial for prevention and protection. Here are key areas where high voltage exposure commonly occurs:

• Underground Cables: These are often hidden beneath the ground and carry electricity over long distances. Damage during construction or maintenance work can lead to accidental exposure.
• Transformers: These devices increase or decrease voltage levels and are essential in power distribution. They can be found in various locations, such as poles, substations, or enclosed spaces, and require careful handling.
• Substations: Designed for managing the flow of electricity, substations house a range of high-voltage equipment. They are typically fenced off, but unauthorized access still poses a significant threat.
• Powerlines: Overhead powerlines are a visible and common source of high voltage. They can run along streets or cross open areas, making accidental contact a potential hazard, especially during adverse weather conditions.

Recognizing these sources and maintaining a safe distance is vital. Proper training and adherence to safety protocols can significantly reduce the risks associated with high voltage exposure.

 

What are the statistics on electrical-related injuries and fatalities in the U.S.?

Understanding Electrical-Related Injuries and Fatalities in the U.S.

Every year, the United States faces around 2,300 injuries related to electricity. The threat is not just limited to injuries—in fact, approximately 186 fatalities occur annually due to electrical incidents.

To put the danger into perspective, even a small current of just 6 milliamperes can result in significant pain and loss of muscle control. This highlights the critical need for awareness and respect for electrical hazards to prevent these alarming statistics from rising further.

By staying informed and cautious, we can reduce the risks associated with electricity and ensure safer environments for everyone.

 

What types of internal injuries can result from an electrical shock?

When an electrical shock occurs, it can lead to a range of serious internal injuries. Here are some potential consequences:

• Internal Bleeding: Electricity can cause blood vessels to rupture, leading to bleeding within the body.
• Kidney Damage: The intense energy from a shock can harm the kidneys, interfering with their ability to filter waste effectively.
• Tissue Destruction: Muscle and tissue damage may occur due to the heat and energy passing through the body.
• Nerve Damage: Electric currents can disrupt nerve signals, potentially causing long-term neurological issues.

These injuries highlight the severe risks associated with electrical shocks, underscoring the need for immediate medical attention.

 

What types of burns can occur from electrical incidents?

When dealing with electrical mishaps, various burn types can harm individuals. Below are the main categories of burns associated with electrical incidents:

• Electrical Burns:These occur when electrical current passes through the body, creating immense heat that damages both tissue and bone. Due to the severe nature of electrical burns, they demand immediate medical intervention.
• Arc or Flash Burns:These result from an electrical arc or explosion occurring close to a person. The intensity of these burns can vary, but prompt medical care is usually necessary to manage the injury effectively.
• Thermal Contact Burns:These occur when skin comes into contact with the hot surfaces of overheated electrical equipment or conductors. While these burns need swift treatment, they typically do not require outside medical assistance unless the affected area is significant.

All these burns necessitate a quick and appropriate response to ensure safety and minimize injury severity.

 

Which workers are more likely to be exposed to high voltage?

High-voltage exposure is a significant risk in several professions, especially for those involved in electrical work. While electricians and power line maintenance workers are the most obvious groups facing these dangers, they are not alone.

Other Professions at Risk:

1. Building Maintenance Workers
   Responsible for the upkeep of facilities, these workers often encounter electrical systems during routine checks and repairs.
2. Tree Trimmers
   Working near power lines, these specialists are at risk when trimming foliage that could entangle electrical wires.
3. Construction Workers
   Certain roles within the construction industry, particularly those involving the installation or repair of electrical infrastructure, face high-voltage exposure regularly.

These professions require stringent safety protocols and protective measures to minimize the risks associated with high voltage.

 

What happens when a person is thrown from the source of an electrical shock?

When someone experiences an electrical shock, they may be abruptly propelled away from the source. This sudden ejection disconnects them from the electrical circuit, which can prevent prolonged exposure to the dangerous current.

However, this rapid movement can also result in unintended physical harm. Being thrown can lead to various injuries such as bruises, fractures, or even more severe trauma, depending on the force and landing conditions. While separation from the electricity is beneficial, the potential for injury from the fall or impact remains a significant risk.

 

What distinguishes a qualified employee from an unqualified employee in terms of working with electricity?

When it comes to handling electricity in the workplace, employees are classified into two categories: qualified and unqualified.

Qualified employees are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle electrical tasks safely. Here’s what sets them apart:

• Hazard Awareness: They can identify and effectively avoid electrical hazards, a critical skill for maintaining safety.
• Live Part Identification: These employees can distinguish between exposed live parts, which is essential for preventing accidental contact.
• Voltage Understanding: They have the ability to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts, ensuring they can work safely with electrical systems.
• Distance Calculation: Qualified employees know the minimum safe approach distances, keeping them at a safe range from potential electrical dangers.

On the other hand, unqualified employees lack these specific competencies. They are not allowed in restricted areas where electrical lines or equipment are energized. Even without qualification, all workers should treat power lines as live and undergo training in safe practices when working near high voltage, thus reinforcing a culture of safety on the job site.

 

What voltage level is defined as high voltage by the Department of Energy?

The Department of Energy classifies any electrical current at 601 volts or higher as high voltage.

 

How many milliamperes are needed to cause pain and loss of muscle control?

To cause pain and a loss of muscle control, it only takes as few as 6 milliamperes. This small amount of electrical current can significantly affect the body’s nervous system, leading to discomfort and involuntary muscle contractions.

 

How can substances change their conductivity based on different conditions?

How Substances Change Conductivity Under Various Conditions

Conductivity, the ability of a material to transmit electricity, can vary significantly based on certain conditions. This fascinating property depends on several factors, such as purity and the presence of impurities.

Pure vs. Impure Substances

• Pure Water: As an example, pure water is a poor conductor of electricity. However, introduce impurities—such as salt, acids, or solvents—and its conductivity dramatically increases. These impurities dissolve into ions, which facilitate the passage of electric currents.

Human Skin and Conductivity

• Dry vs. Moist Skin: In its dry state, human skin offers resistance to electrical flow. Yet, when skin is moistened with sweat or water, its conductivity improves substantially. The damp conditions create a path for electricity to travel more easily.

Environmental Considerations

• Wet or Humid Environments: Those working in damp, wet, or hot surroundings should be alert. The increased moisture in the air or the moisture absorbed by materials can make normally non-conductive surfaces become conductive.

Understanding how and why substances vary in their conductivity based on specific conditions helps in creating safer working environments and guides the practical application of materials in various industries.

 

What is “freezing” in the context of electrical shock?

Understanding “Freezing” in Electrical Shock Context

“Freezing” refers to a hazardous situation that can occur during an electrical shock. When an individual encounters an electric current, they might be unable to move away due to the shock overwhelming their system. This immobilization results in the person inadvertently maintaining contact with the source of the electricity.

The danger of freezing lies in prolonged exposure to the current. The longer a person remains in contact, the greater the risk of severe injuries. These might include the formation of blisters, which can further compromise the skin’s integrity and diminish the body’s ability to resist electrical flow.

In essence, freezing can turn a momentary electrical shock into a life-threatening event by increasing the duration of exposure.

 

What materials are considered insulators, and what are considered conductors?

Understanding Insulators and Conductors

In the world of materials, electrical resistance plays a key role in determining whether something is an insulator or a conductor. Essentially, insulators are materials that significantly impede or even halt the flow of electricity. Some common examples of insulators include:

• Glass:Known for its excellent insulating properties, it’s frequently used in electrical applications to prevent unwanted current flow.
• Plastic:Often used as a covering for electrical wires, plastic provides a barrier against electric shocks.
• Rubber:Like plastic, rubber is a preferred material for insulation in many electrical products.
• Cotton:Although less common, especially when dry, cotton can act as an insulator.

On the other hand, conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow with minimal resistance, making them ideal for transmitting electrical currents. Typical conductors include:

• Sea Water:Due to its salt content, it conducts electricity more effectively than fresh water.
• Copper:A favored choice in electrical wiring due to its excellent conductivity and flexibility.
• Gold:Used in high-end electronics, gold conducts electricity efficiently and withstands corrosion.
• Aluminum:Frequently found in power lines, aluminum is valued for its conductivity and lightweight nature.

In summary, the primary distinction lies in how each material manages electrical flow—insulators stop it in its tracks, while conductors let it pass with ease.

 

What are some safe work practices to prevent electrical incidents?

Safe Work Practices for Electrical Safety

Working with electrical systems, especially those involving high voltage, requires strict adherence to safety protocols to prevent incidents. Whether you’re performing a disconnection procedure or maintaining equipment, understanding and implementing safe work practices is crucial.

General Safety Guidelines

• Guarding and Enclosures: Ensure all electrical equipment is enclosed or guarded to prevent accidental contact. This can significantly reduce the risk of electrical incidents. Always look for signs warning about electrical hazards and respect designated safety zones.
• Qualified Personnel: Only qualified employees should handle tasks involving energized equipment. Unqualified workers should maintain a safe distance, particularly in areas with unguarded or uninsulated components.
• Minimum Approach Distance (MAD): Maintain a safe distance from energized equipment. Only properly trained and protected individuals should enter this zone, ensuring they adhere to the necessary insulation and protection requirements.

Before Performing an HV Disconnection Procedure:

• Complete a workstation pre-use inspection.
• Verify you are wearing required PPE while performing the disconnection procedure.
• Place the “Keep Out, High Voltage” signage wherever there is work done on HV.

Workers Who Zero Voltage Verify (ZVV) Must Be Able To:

• Distinguish exposed live parts of electrical equipment.
• Determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts.
• Know the approach boundaries specified in NFPA 70E.
• Identify and avoid electrical hazards associated with electrical equipment and work methods.

Disconnection Procedure: Low Voltage

The first step to creating a safe working condition is disconnecting your 12V power. In most cases, this will involve first turning the ignition off and moving the keys at least 16 inches from the vehicle. This distance is to prevent key fobs with a proximity sensor from re-enabling the power. By turning the ignition off, the main contactors of the high-voltage battery are opened and the discharge of the inverter capacitors will initiate.

Next, you are going to physically prevent the 12V battery from reconnecting. If your 12V battery has a disconnection switch, use it. Then, remove the cable connected to the 12V negative bolt and wrap it in insulating tape. Tuck the cable somewhere so it cannot come into contact with the negative terminal of the battery. The 12V circuit should now be completely disconnected and protected from reconnection.

If the exact discharge rate is not known, it is recommended to wait at least 10 minutes after disconnection procedures have been completed to ZVV.

Disconnection Procedure: High Voltage

The vehicle should have what is usually called a maintenance switch or High Voltage Battery Disconnect (HVBD). Depending on the manufacturer or aftermarket build, your HV disconnect switch may look different and may have more than one, so check the vehicle manufacturer instructions specific to your build and components before continuing. Once found, turn your maintenance switch into the “open” position, and then check to make sure it is locked into that position to prevent reconnection. Using the correct Lock Out Tag Out padlock for your switch, physically lock the switch into the “open” position. Place a Tag Out tag on the lock with your name, date, and phone number on it, and then lock your LOTO key in your toolbox. It is the responsibility of the technician who locked this HV lock to manage its safety, so unlock it when it is safe to do so. If you change shifts, make sure you communicate with other technicians the ZVV status of this vehicle.

If the vehicle has Manual Service Disconnects (MSD) for the battery packs, you’ll need to disengage those as well. Still wearing PPE, remove each of the MSDs connecting the battery packs. Place a dummy plug or protective cover over the female end of the connection on the battery packs to prevent dust and other contaminants from coming into contact with a high voltage connection.

If the vehicle was recently powered on, it may take the motor inverter a few minutes to passively discharge. If the exact discharge rate is not known, it is recommended to wait at least 10 minutes after disconnection procedures have been completed to ZVV.

Zero Voltage Verify (ZVV)

Now, before you take off your PPE, you need to be certain that your HV circuit is indeed Zero Voltage Verified. This test is more commonly called a Live-Dead-Live test. First you are going to test that your multimeter is working on a known voltage source. Then you’ll test your high voltage component you are going to work on. Then you are going to re-test that your multimeter measured that HV component at zero volts correctly. Only at that point are you safe to remove your PPE and begin your service. Here is a general breakdown of how to Zero Voltage Verify with a multimeter:

An electrically safe work condition is a state, not a procedure.

High Voltage Awareness

Working with high voltage is inherently dangerous. It does not take a lot of amps to cause pain or loss of muscle control. Everyone who works with or near high voltage must be aware of the hazards and how to avoid them. Proper training and adherence to safety protocols are essential for ensuring a safe workplace.

 

What precautions should employers ensure for employees working near high voltage?

Before performing an HV disconnection procedure:

• Complete a workstation pre-use inspection
• Verify you are wearing required PPE while performing the disconnection procedure
• Place the “Keep Out, High Voltage” signage wherever there is work done on HV

Ensure employee safety near high voltage areas by:

• Appropriately insulating any employee required to work close to or within the Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) from the energized part.
• Ensuring the energized part is insulated from the employee and any other conductive object to prevent accidental contact.
• Making sure the employee is insulated from any other exposed conductive object under the requirements for live-line barehand work. Unqualified employees should never approach the MAD.

Workers who Zero Voltage Verify (ZVV) must be able to:

• Distinguish exposed live parts of electrical equipment
• Determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts
• Know the approach boundaries specified in NFPA 70E
• Identify and avoid electrical hazards associated with electrical equipment and work methods

By combining these procedural steps with strict adherence to insulation and proximity precautions, you ensure a comprehensive safety protocol that protects employees from the dangers of high voltage environments.

 

Who should not approach the Minimum Approach Distance (MAD)?

Unqualified employees are prohibited from approaching the Minimum Approach Distance to ensure their safety.

 

What precautions should be taken for live-line barehand work?

During live-line barehand work, employees must be insulated from other exposed conductive objects to ensure safety.

 

How should energized parts be insulated to ensure safety?

Energized components need to be insulated from employees and any conductive objects to prevent accidental contact.

 

How should employees be insulated from energized parts?

Employees working near energized parts must be properly insulated to maintain safety and avoid electrical hazards.

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